The Telephone Was Decided by a Few Hours on Valentine's Day
In short: The telephone was not decided in a laboratory. It was decided at a filing counter. On the morning of February 14, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell's completed patent application was logged fifth in the day's filings at the U.S. Patent Office; Elisha Gray's preliminary notice for the same invention was logged thirty-ninth. Bell filed a finished application, Gray filed a caveat — and that difference in paperwork, a few hours apart, survived more than six hundred legal challenges and a Supreme Court decision split four to three. Two documents, one morning, two different kinds of paper Bell, a young Scottish-born teacher of the deaf, did not go to the Patent Office himself — his attorney carried the completed application, titled an improvement in telegraphy, covering a method and apparatus for transmitting vocal and other sounds. Gray, a professional inventor who already held dozens of patents and had co-founded Western Electric, sent a caveat: a preliminary notice anno...