Driverless Trains Are Coming — Decades Before Driverless Cars
In short: Driverless trains are not a future fantasy. London's Victoria line was designed for automatic operation in 1968, and Lille, France opened Europe's first fully driverless metro in 1983 — some sixty years before self-driving cars became a headline race. Yet there is still no clear world leader in train autonomy, which is why CRRC's cab-less train at InnoTrans 2026 in Berlin drew so much attention.
Why did trains automate decades before cars?
Trains run on fixed rails. There are no lane changes, no jaywalkers stepping off curbs, far fewer variables than an open road. That is why rail automation got an international standard early: the Grades of Automation, or GoA, defined in IEC 62290-1.
| Grade | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| GoA 1 | Manual driving | Conventional trains |
| GoA 2 | Automatic acceleration and stopping, driver aboard | London Victoria line, 1968 |
| GoA 3 | Driverless, attendant aboard | Some automated people movers |
| GoA 4 | Fully unattended, no staff aboard | Seoul's Shinbundang Line; Lille VAL, 1983 |
What happened in London in 1968?
The Victoria line entered service on September 1, 1968 as the world's first railway designed from the start for automatic train operation. The operator's job was to close the doors and press two start buttons; the train then drove itself to the next station and stopped. That experiment is now 58 years old. On April 25, 1983, Lille in France opened the VAL, a metro with no driver's cab at all — Europe's first fully driverless metro. History books share the world-first title with Kobe, Japan, whose Port Island Line opened two years earlier, in 1981.
What was shown at InnoTrans 2026?
At InnoTrans, the world's largest rail trade fair, held in Berlin on September 22-25, 2026, the buzzwords were physical AI and self-driving trains. China's CRRC unveiled the Vellink, a train with no driver's cab: about 230 meters long, running at 120 km/h, reading its surroundings with radar and cameras and using vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Hitachi showed an AI control platform, Siemens a mainline automation concept, and Hyundai Rotem a hydrogen tram rated at 150 km per charge. A Hyundai Rotem research center head put the state of play bluntly: no country is clearly ahead in train autonomy yet. The sensor question at the heart of it is the same one behind Musk's famous dismissal of LiDAR.
Why is full automation still rare, then?
- Responsibility: Who answers in an emergency? Society has not settled that question.
- Jobs: In London, unions have fought driverless trains for decades.
- Physics: High-speed trains carry hundreds of people at 300 km/h, and trams weave between pedestrians and cars — the segment one Hyundai Rotem researcher says needs AI driving the most.
That is why most experts expect freight to go first: no passengers, a lighter safety burden, and huge efficiency gains. China has successfully run a 35,000-tonne freight convoy linked wirelessly, and the US startup Parallel Systems is developing battery-electric autonomous freight vehicles. Machines reading the world with sensors is also the theme of the glasses that beam images straight into your eyes.
Will train drivers disappear?
History suggests a change of role rather than an ending. When the Victoria line automated in 1968, its operators did not lose their jobs; they managed doors, helped passengers, and stood ready for emergencies. The driverless era points the same way: from driving the train to guarding it.
한국어로 읽기: 운전사 없는 기차는 왜 자동차보다 먼저 왔을까?
FAQ
Q: What does GoA 4 mean?
A: Grade of Automation 4 is unattended train operation: the train runs with no staff aboard at all. South Korea's Shinbundang Line is a working example.
Q: What was the first driverless metro in Europe?
A: The VAL system in Lille, France, opened on April 25, 1983. The world-first title is shared with Kobe's Port Island Line in Japan, opened in 1981.
Q: Are high-speed trains going driverless too?
A: Gradually, and only part-way for now. JR Central plans to introduce GoA 2 automatic operation — acceleration and stopping automated, driver still aboard — on the Tokaido Shinkansen from around 2028.
Watch the full video: https://youtu.be/w90zIANI5HQ

Comments
Post a Comment